Description

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The ship operation unit is a modular equipment or system integrated on the ship to complete specific functions. It consists of mechanical equipment, electrical systems, control systems and auxiliary equipment. These units are distributed in different areas such as the bridge, engine room, and deck according to functional requirements. Through collaborative work, they realize complex operations such as navigation, propulsion, cargo loading and unloading, and personnel life support of the ship.

　　Classification and functions of main operation units

Power and control unit

Main Engine

Function: Drive the propeller to provide propulsion power for the ship.

Features: Modern ship main engines are mostly four-stroke low-speed diesel engines, which are connected to the propeller through the tail shaft. The power ranges from thousands of kilowatts to hundreds of thousands of kilowatts according to the tonnage of the ship.

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　　Auxiliary Engine

Function: Drive the generator to provide power for the whole ship.

Configuration: Equipped with multiple auxiliary engines (such as 3), support parallel operation, and equipped with emergency generators to ensure the power supply of key equipment when the main power fails.

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　　Steering System

Composition: Manipulation control unit (such as the bridge clock), power unit (steering gear), transmission unit (rudder blade).

Function: Change the direction of water flow by rotating the rudder blade to achieve ship steering. Modern systems are equipped with emergency manual operation devices to ensure safe operation when the main control unit fails.

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　　Anchor Windlass

Function: Anchoring/anchoring, assisting ships in mooring or emergency braking.

Composition: A motor-driven mechanical transmission device that drives the anchor chain through gears to achieve the retraction and release of the anchor.

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　　Mooring and cargo handling unit

Windlass

Function: Tighten/release the mooring cable to ensure the safety of the ship’s berthing.

Type: divided into hydraulic drive and electric drive, large ships are equipped with multiple groups of winches to meet different tonnage requirements.

Crane

Function: loading and unloading cargo or equipment, some ships are equipped with heavy cranes to support container or bulk operations.

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　　Automation control unit

Engine remote control system

Composition: bridge operation unit (BMU), control room operation unit (CRMU), main engine interface unit (MEI), etc.

Function: realize remote start and stop, speed adjustment and status monitoring of the main engine, some systems (such as MAN B&W’s ACC20) support distributed processing unit (DPU) network control.

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　　Tank telemetry system (Tank Monitoring System)

Composition: sensor, signal processing unit, operation unit (industrial PC).

Function: real-time monitoring of the liquid level, temperature and pressure of ballast tanks and fuel tanks, supporting data recording and abnormal alarm.

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　　Auxiliary support unit

Boiler

Function: Generate high-pressure steam for propulsion system (steam turbine ship), fuel heating or life support.

　　Desalination Plant

Function: Convert seawater into fresh water to meet the crew’s living and mechanical equipment cooling needs.

Air conditioning and ventilation system (HVAC)

Function: Regulate cabin temperature, humidity and air quality. Some systems adopt modular design for easy maintenance.

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　　Technical characteristics and development trends

Modularization and standardization

Unit construction: Transfer outfitting work to the workshop, reduce the amount of work on board, and shorten the slipway cycle.

Standardized interface: Ensure equipment compatibility and reduce maintenance costs. For example, the DPU unit is adapted to different task requirements through standardized design.

Networking and automation: Distributed processing units (DPUs) realize data interaction through CAN bus or Ethernet, and support remote monitoring and fault diagnosis (such as Siemens SIMOS system).

Energy saving and environmental protection: New power units (such as dual-fuel engines and electric propulsion systems) gradually replace traditional diesel engines to reduce carbon emissions.

Intelligence and integration: Data sharing and decision-making: The central unit (such as SIGOS41) integrates the data of the entire ship to support process monitoring and parameter optimization.

Human-machine interface: It uses a color flow chart display, real-time annotation of abnormal status, and supports touch screen operation.

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　　Redundancy and reliability

Dual network redundancy: The DPU unit is equipped with dual CAN buses, and automatically switches to the backup network when the main network fails.

Distributed control: Each unit operates independently, and local failures do not affect the overall situation, such as the ISC system subnet isolation design.

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　　Typical application scenarios

Navigation operation: The bridge coordinates with the main engine remote control system and the steering system to achieve precise navigation control.

Bedding operation: The mooring winch and the anchor winch cooperate to complete the mooring, and the tank system monitors the ballast water to adjust the ship’s draft.

Emergency response: When the main engine fails, the auxiliary engine and the emergency generator are started to ensure continuous power supply to key equipment (such as navigation lights and communication devices).

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　　Summary

The ship operation unit achieves efficient and safe ship operation through functional modularization, technical standardization and system redundancy design. The synergy of power, control, auxiliary and automation units, combined with the advantages of modular construction, significantly improves the navigation performance and construction economy of modern ships. In the future, with the development of intelligent technology, ship operation units will further evolve towards automation and integration.

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